Structural response of high solidity net cage models in uniform flow

Hydrodynamic loads acting on a fish farm may be affected by the growth of different biofouling organisms, mainly due to increased solidity of the nets. In this paper, the hydrodynamic loads acting on high solidity net cage models subjected to high uniform flow velocities and the corresponding deformation of the net cages are studied. Model tests of net cylinders with various solidities were performed in a flume tank with a simulated current. Standard Morison-type numerical analyses were performed based on the model tests, and their capability of simulating the occurring loads and the observed net cage deformations for different flow velocities was evaluated.Large deformations of the net cage models were observed, and at high velocities the deformations were close to what is physically possible. Net cage deformation appeared to be less dependent on solidity than on flow velocity and weights. Drag forces increased with increasing flow velocity and were dependent on both bottom weights and netting solidity. For the lowest solidity net, drag forces were close to proportional to flow velocity. For the three high solidity nets, the measured drag forces were of similar magnitude, and drag increased less with increasing flow velocity above approximately 0.5 m/s than at lower velocities.This study shows that a basic reduced velocity model is not sufficient to model the interaction between the fluid flow and net (hydroelasticity) for high solidity net cages subjected to high flow velocities.The standard numerical analysis was in general able to make good predictions of the net shape, and was capable of making an acceptable estimate of hydrodynamic loads acting on the lowest solidity net model (Sn=0.19). For high solidities and large deformations, numerical tools should account for changes in water flow and the global drag coefficient of the net.     

Penimethavone A,a flavone from a gorgonian-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum

A novel flavone, penimethavone A (1), possessing a rare unique methyl group at ring-B, was isolated from the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum cultured from a gorgonian Carijoa sp. collected from the South China Sea. The structure was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with related known compound. Compound 1 showed selective and moderate cytotoxicity against cervical cancer (HeLa) and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 8.41 and 8.18 μM, respectively.     

Accelerated wear testing of polyurethane hydraulic seal

The wear characteristics of a polyurethane (PU) hydraulic seal were investigated using a hydraulic seal tester and a pin-on-plate reciprocating tribo-tester, and the results were compared to field data with the aim of developing an accelerated wear test method for hydraulic seals. Tests using a hydraulic seal tester and a pin-on-plate reciprocating tribo-tester were found to reproduce abrasive wear of PU from the field. However, a significant compression set was observed from the test using the hydraulic seal tester. Motivated by the occurrence of abrasive wear from the field, the discolored lubricant and the lubricant with alumina particles were further used for testing using the pin-on-plate reciprocating tribo-tester. The height decrease data of the sealing surface showed that the wear was accelerated by factors of 2.1–3.4 using these degraded lubricants. The outcomes of this work are expected to aid in the design of reliable accelerated life testing for hydraulic seals.     

Optimization of energy extraction in transverse galloping

A numerical method to analyse the stability of transverse galloping based on experimental measurements, as an alternative method to polynomial fitting of the transverse force coefficient C_z, is proposed in this paper. The Glauert–Den Hartog criterion is used to determine the region of angles of attack (pitch angles) prone to present galloping. An analytic solution (based on a polynomial curve of C_z) is used to validate the method and to evaluate the discretization errors. Several bodies (of biconvex, D-shape and rhomboidal cross sections) have been tested in a wind tunnel and the stability of the galloping region has been analysed with the new method. An algorithm to determine the pitch angle of the body that allows the maximum value of the kinetic energy of the flow to be extracted is presented.     

D-admissible hybrid control of a class of singular systems

This paper mainly studies the problem of designing a hybrid state feedback D-admissible controller for a class of linear and nonlinear singular systems. Based on the relationship between singular discrete systems and singular delta operator systems, several necessary and sufficient conditions for a linear singular delta operator system to be D-admissible (i.e. regular, causal and all finite poles lie in a prescribed circular region) with different representations are derived. Then, the existence conditions and explicit expressions of a desirable D-admissible controller are given by means of matrix inequalities and strict linear matrix inequalities, respectively. We further extend the obtained results to singular delta operator systems with Lipschitz nonlinear perturbations, and the design methods of hybrid controller are presented for the nonlinear case as well. Finally, numerical examples as well as simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical outcomes obtained in the paper.     

高分子模板调控不同形貌氧化亚铜的仿生合成

采用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为软模板,在CuSO4、Na2SO3体系中调控合成了片状、海胆状、一维线、针状聚集体氧化亚铜晶体。研究了不同浓度Cu2+、不同PAM含量及不同温度对晶体生长的影响。结果表明,PAM促使氧化亚铜异相成核,氧化亚铜形貌随PAM质量分数的变化而变化:当c(Cu2+)=0.5mol.L-1时,PAM质量分数为3.0%(常温引入体系),产物主要为片状晶体;PAM质量分数为1.0%、3.0%时(高温引入体系),分别获得一维线状、海胆状晶体;当Cu2+浓度为0.1 mol.L-1时,体系中高温引入质量分数3.0%的PAM,得到片层状晶体;当Cu2+浓度为0.3、0.4 mol.L-1时,得到针状聚集体氧化亚铜晶体。分别用X射线粉末衍射、冷场发射扫描电子显微镜和激光粒度仪对所制备的产品进行了表征。     

硒吩聚合物/寡聚物有机光电材料研究进展

主要从光电性能角度总结了近几年硒吩聚合物/寡聚物在有机太阳能电池(OSCs)、场效应晶体管(FETs)、发光二级管(LED)等方面的研究进展。目前,基于聚硒吩并[3,4-b]硒吩-苯并二硒吩(PSeB2)(polyselenopheno[3,4-b]selenophene-co-benzodiselenophene)本体异质结太阳能电池器件的能量转化效率最高,达6.87%;场效应晶体管方面,基于PSeDPP(P28)器件的空穴迁移率最高达1.62cm2.V-1.s-1。基于PFO-DDSTQ(一种硒吩芴基聚合物)的发光二级管,表现出目前基于硒吩化合物的最长波长发光器件,EL光谱峰值约860nm。通过对研究者的研究成果的总结发现,在有机光电器件的应用领域中硒吩聚合物/寡聚物是一种极具应用前景的材料。     

两个含3，3'-硫代二丙酸配体的锰和铜配合物的合成、晶体结构与性质

使用3,3''-硫代二丙酸、4,4''-联吡啶和硝酸锰在水热条件下反应合成了1个锰配合物,即{[Mn（DPA）（4,4''-bipy）]·H₂O}_n（1）（DPA=3,3''-硫代二丙酸,4,4''-bipy=4,4''-联吡啶）;然后又利用3,3''-硫代二丙酸、1,3-双（4-吡啶基）丙烷和硝酸铜在水热条件下反应合成了1个铜配合物,即{[Cu（DPA）（bpp）（H₂O）]·H₂O}_n（2）（DPA=3,3''-硫代二丙酸,bpp=1,3-双（4-吡啶基）丙烷）。并对它们分别进行了元素分析、红外光谱、热稳定性、X射线粉末衍射和X射线单晶衍射的表征。结果表明：配合物1和2分别由3,3''-硫代二丙酸配体和不同氮杂环分子以及金属离子构筑,形成了二维层状的结构。氢键和π-π作用进一步将二维结构拓展成三维超分子网络。